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GOLD 2026 classification

Classifies airflow limitation and ABE groups from GOLD 2026 in the eligible population. This tool does not independently confirm the diagnosis, select medicines or implement the follow-up algorithm.

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Check the population, units and version. The result shows the formula or classification; it does not make an automatic treatment decision.

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Method · Limits of application

GOLD 2026 v1.3; spirometric classification and initial ABE assessment

This edition classifies the initial assessment. It does not implement the follow-up algorithm or prescribe medicines. Borderline values and examination quality require clinical checking. Enter only the mMRC grade from 0 to 4 already determined in a separate assessment. This tool accepts a previously assessed grade and does not administer the mMRC questionnaire.

Required fields: 0/6 completed

Complete all required fields. Optional fields are marked.

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio requiredNumeric value · range 0.2–1.2

Postbronchodilator FEV₁ required% of predicted · range 5–150

Previously assessed mMRC grade required

Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic) requiredNumeric value · range 0–20 · Enter a whole number.

Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization) requiredNumeric value · range 0–10 · Enter a whole number.

CAT/CAAT score (if available) (optional)points · range 0–40 · Enter a whole number.

Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy? required

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Conditions of use

Check the conditions of application before calculating. The result presents the documented formula or criteria; it does not establish a diagnosis or prescription.

Scope of this implementation

Parameters in this edition

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio
Postbronchodilator FEV₁ · % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic)
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization)
CAT/CAAT score (if available) · points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?

Sources and documentation

Method version

GOLD 2026 v1.3; spirometric classification and initial ABE assessment

Formula and criteria

FEV₁/FVC < 0.70 is a spirometric requirement, not a diagnosis on its own. GOLD 1: FEV₁ ≥ 80%; 2: ≥ 50%; 3: ≥ 30%; 4: < 30%. GOLD 2026: group E if ≥ 1 moderate or severe exacerbation in the last year; otherwise B if mMRC ≥ 2 or CAT/CAAT ≥ 10, A in the remaining cases. If CAT/CAAT is not entered, mMRC is used.

Population and limitations

Synthetic cases checked (7)

Synthetic cases for checking the implementation, with no patient data.

Case 1

reference-001

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 60 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 2
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 1
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 0
CAT/CAAT score (if available): 12 points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 60,
  "mmrc": "2",
  "exac": 1,
  "intern": 0,
  "caat": 12,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "E"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "E",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC + CAT/CAAT"
}

Case 2

reference-002

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 80 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 1
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 0
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 0
CAT/CAAT score (if available): null points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 80,
  "mmrc": "1",
  "exac": 0,
  "intern": 0,
  "caat": null,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 1,
  "group": "A"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 1,
  "group": "A",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC"
}

Case 3

reference-003

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 50 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 2
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 0
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 0
CAT/CAAT score (if available): null points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 50,
  "mmrc": "2",
  "exac": 0,
  "intern": 0,
  "caat": null,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "B"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "B",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC"
}

Case 4

reference-004

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 30 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 0
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 0
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 0
CAT/CAAT score (if available): 10 points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 30,
  "mmrc": "0",
  "exac": 0,
  "intern": 0,
  "caat": 10,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 3,
  "group": "B"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 3,
  "group": "B",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC + CAT/CAAT"
}

Case 5

reference-005

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 29.9 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 1
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 0
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 0
CAT/CAAT score (if available): 9 points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 29.9,
  "mmrc": "1",
  "exac": 0,
  "intern": 0,
  "caat": 9,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 4,
  "group": "A"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 4,
  "group": "A",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC + CAT/CAAT"
}

Case 6

reference-006

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 60 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 0
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 1
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 0
CAT/CAAT score (if available): 0 points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 60,
  "mmrc": "0",
  "exac": 1,
  "intern": 0,
  "caat": 0,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "E"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "E",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC + CAT/CAAT"
}

Case 7

reference-007

Inputs

Postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio: 0.6
Postbronchodilator FEV₁: 60 % of predicted
Previously assessed mMRC grade: 0
Moderate exacerbations in the last year (corticosteroid and/or antibiotic): 0
Severe exacerbations in the last year (emergency care or hospitalization): 1
CAT/CAAT score (if available): 0 points
Clinically confirmed COPD, valid postbronchodilator spirometry and initial assessment before maintenance therapy?: Yes

{
  "rel": 0.6,
  "vef1": 60,
  "mmrc": "0",
  "exac": 0,
  "intern": 1,
  "caat": 0,
  "contexto": "1"
}

Expected result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "E"
}

Actual result

{
  "grade": 2,
  "group": "E",
  "symptomMeasure": "mMRC + CAT/CAAT"
}

Source for the active edition

GOLD · 2026 report v1.3

Additional reading and history

Agustí A et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. Eur Respir J, 2023.

Identifier: gold-dpoc

Original clinical content: Brazilian Portuguese.

Code and reproducibility

This tool’s code on GitHub

Download code and tests

Sources, version and reproduction instructions

The code tests are technical checks. Clinical approval and professional translation review are recorded separately.

Relationship with cancer research

General context — relationship to be defined

A resource for general clinical contexts. This edition does not assign a specific oncological relationship; selecting it for a study requires a justified question, population and purpose.