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Hachinski Ischemic Score

Adds clinical findings of cerebrovascular disease to help distinguish vascular dementia from primary degenerative dementia.

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Check the population, units and version. The result shows the formula or classification; it does not make an automatic treatment decision.

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Method · Limits of application

Hachinski 1975: 13 factors, total 0–18; not the reduced Rosen variant

Supports differentiation between degenerative and multi-infarct dementia. Performance was lower in mixed dementia. A score does not replace etiological assessment; published cutoffs belong to the populations and variants studied.

Conditions of use

Check the population, units, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and version in the original source. A result alone does not establish a diagnosis, discharge decision or prescription.

Documented parameters

Abrupt onset
Stepwise deterioration
Fluctuating course
Nocturnal confusion
Relative preservation of personality
Depression
Somatic complaints
Emotional incontinence (lability)
History of hypertension
History of stroke
Evidence of associated atherosclerosis
Focal neurological symptoms
Focal neurological signs

3/3 reference cases checked. Numerical tests are not clinical validation.

Sources and documentation

Documented formula

Transcribed from the source or a recorded revision; this is not a clinical recommendation.

2 points: abrupt onset, fluctuating course, stroke history, focal symptoms, focal signs. 1 point: stepwise deterioration, nocturnal confusion, preserved personality, depression, somatic complaints, emotional lability, hypertension, atherosclerosis. Total: 0 to 18.

References

Identifier: escore-isquemico-de-hachinski

Original clinical content: Brazilian Portuguese.

Method version

Hachinski 1975: 13 factors, total 0–18; not the reduced Rosen variant

escore-isquemico-de-hachinski@native-2026-10-03+f90d3639d9ee

Source for the active edition

The bibliographic edition identifies the source. By itself, it proves neither full conformity of the formula nor clinical approval.

Synthetic cases checked (3)

Synthetic cases for checking the implementation, with no patient data.

Case 1

reference-001

Inputs

Depression: Yes
Somatic complaints: Yes
Abrupt onset: No
Stepwise deterioration: No
Fluctuating course: No
Nocturnal confusion: No
Relative preservation of personality: No
Emotional incontinence (lability): No
History of hypertension: No
History of stroke: No
Evidence of associated atherosclerosis: No
Focal neurological symptoms: No
Focal neurological signs: No

{
  "depressao": true,
  "somaticas": true,
  "abrupto": false,
  "degraus": false,
  "flutuante": false,
  "noturna": false,
  "personalidade": false,
  "labilidade": false,
  "has": false,
  "avc": false,
  "ateroscl": false,
  "sintomas": false,
  "sinais": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 2,
  "level": "info",
  "verdict": "degenerativa"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 2
}

Case 2

reference-002

Inputs

Abrupt onset: Yes
History of hypertension: Yes
Evidence of associated atherosclerosis: Yes
Nocturnal confusion: Yes
Stepwise deterioration: No
Fluctuating course: No
Relative preservation of personality: No
Depression: No
Somatic complaints: No
Emotional incontinence (lability): No
History of stroke: No
Focal neurological symptoms: No
Focal neurological signs: No

{
  "abrupto": true,
  "has": true,
  "ateroscl": true,
  "noturna": true,
  "degraus": false,
  "flutuante": false,
  "personalidade": false,
  "depressao": false,
  "somaticas": false,
  "labilidade": false,
  "avc": false,
  "sintomas": false,
  "sinais": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 5,
  "level": "mid"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 5
}

Case 3

reference-003

Inputs

Abrupt onset: Yes
Stepwise deterioration: Yes
History of hypertension: Yes
History of stroke: Yes
Focal neurological symptoms: Yes
Fluctuating course: No
Nocturnal confusion: No
Relative preservation of personality: No
Depression: No
Somatic complaints: No
Emotional incontinence (lability): No
Evidence of associated atherosclerosis: No
Focal neurological signs: No

{
  "abrupto": true,
  "degraus": true,
  "has": true,
  "avc": true,
  "sintomas": true,
  "flutuante": false,
  "noturna": false,
  "personalidade": false,
  "depressao": false,
  "somaticas": false,
  "labilidade": false,
  "ateroscl": false,
  "sinais": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 8,
  "level": "info",
  "verdict": "vascular"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 8
}

Code and reproducibility

This tool’s code on GitHub

Download code and tests

Sources, version and reproduction instructions

The code tests are technical checks. Clinical approval and professional translation review are recorded separately.

Relationship with cancer research

General context — relationship to be defined

A resource for general clinical contexts. This edition does not assign a specific oncological relationship; selecting it for a study requires a justified question, population and purpose.