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Caprini score

Adds patient and surgical risk factors to estimate postoperative venous thromboembolism risk and choose prophylaxis.

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Check the population, units and version. The result shows the formula or classification; it does not make an automatic treatment decision.

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Method · Limits of application

Caprini 2005: RAM 1/2/3/5 points; classic surgical version; ACCP 2012 context

This implementation uses the Caprini 2005 weights, not a later edition. The 2012 ACCP guideline applies it to thromboembolism assessment in general and abdominopelvic nonorthopedic surgery; the cited surgical cohorts do not establish universal validity in children or medical patients. In Bahl 2010, the outcome was thromboembolism within 30 days after surgery, not lifetime risk. Choosing prophylaxis also requires assessment of bleeding and the operative context; the score alone does not determine a drug or duration.

Required fields: 0/37 completed

Complete all required fields. Optional fields are marked.

Age required

Planned minor surgery (1) required

Major surgery less than 1 month ago (1) required

Lower-limb varicose veins (1) required

Inflammatory bowel disease (1) required

Current lower-limb swelling (1) required

BMI > 25 kg/m² (1) required

Acute myocardial infarction (1) required

Heart failure less than 1 month ago (1) required

Sepsis less than 1 month ago (1) required

Serious pulmonary disease, including pneumonia, less than 1 month ago (1) required

Impaired pulmonary function (COPD) (1) required

Medical patient on bed rest (1) required

Oral contraceptive or hormone replacement (1) required

Pregnancy or postpartum (1) required

Unexplained stillbirth, ≥ 3 miscarriages or preterm birth with toxemia or growth restriction (1) required

Arthroscopic surgery (2) required

Current or previous malignancy (2) required

Major open surgery (> 45 min) (2) required

Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min) (2) required

Confined to bed (> 72 h) (2) required

Plaster immobilization less than 1 month ago (2) required

Central venous access (2) required

Previous DVT or PE (3) required

Family history of thrombosis (3) required

Factor V Leiden (3) required

Prothrombin 20210A mutation (3) required

Lupus anticoagulant (3) required

Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (3) required

Elevated serum homocysteine (3) required

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (3) required

Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia (3) required

Elective hip or knee arthroplasty (5) required

Hip, pelvis or leg fracture less than 1 month ago (5) required

Stroke less than 1 month ago (5) required

Multiple trauma less than 1 month ago (5) required

Acute spinal cord injury with paralysis less than 1 month ago (5) required

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Conditions of use

Check the population, units, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and version in the original source. A result alone does not establish a diagnosis, discharge decision or prescription.

Documented parameters

Age
Planned minor surgery (1)
Major surgery less than 1 month ago (1)
Lower-limb varicose veins (1)
Inflammatory bowel disease (1)
Current lower-limb swelling (1)
BMI > 25 kg/m² (1)
Acute myocardial infarction (1)
Heart failure less than 1 month ago (1)
Sepsis less than 1 month ago (1)
Serious pulmonary disease, including pneumonia, less than 1 month ago (1)
Impaired pulmonary function (COPD) (1)
Medical patient on bed rest (1)
Oral contraceptive or hormone replacement (1)
Pregnancy or postpartum (1)
Unexplained stillbirth, ≥ 3 miscarriages or preterm birth with toxemia or growth restriction (1)
Arthroscopic surgery (2)
Current or previous malignancy (2)
Major open surgery (> 45 min) (2)
Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min) (2)
Confined to bed (> 72 h) (2)
Plaster immobilization less than 1 month ago (2)
Central venous access (2)
Previous DVT or PE (3)
Family history of thrombosis (3)
Factor V Leiden (3)
Prothrombin 20210A mutation (3)
Lupus anticoagulant (3)
Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (3)
Elevated serum homocysteine (3)
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (3)
Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia (3)
Elective hip or knee arthroplasty (5)
Hip, pelvis or leg fracture less than 1 month ago (5)
Stroke less than 1 month ago (5)
Multiple trauma less than 1 month ago (5)
Acute spinal cord injury with paralysis less than 1 month ago (5)

4/4 reference cases checked. Numerical tests are not clinical validation.

Sources and documentation

Documented formula

Transcribed from the source or a recorded revision; this is not a clinical recommendation.

Add factor points: 1 (age 41–60, minor surgery, obesity, varicose veins, recent medical conditions, hormones, pregnancy); 2 (age 61–74, cancer, major/laparoscopic surgery >45 min, bedbound >72 h, cast, central access); 3 (age ≥75, prior VTE, family history, thrombophilias); 5 (arthroplasty, hip/pelvis/leg fracture, stroke, major trauma, spinal cord injury).

References

Identifier: caprini

Original clinical content: Brazilian Portuguese.

Method version

Caprini 2005: RAM 1/2/3/5 points; classic surgical version; ACCP 2012 context

caprini@native-2026-10-05+50b15e73e1bd

Source for the active edition

The bibliographic edition identifies the source. By itself, it proves neither full conformity of the formula nor clinical approval.

Synthetic cases checked (4)

Synthetic cases for checking the implementation, with no patient data.

Case 1

reference-001

Inputs

Age: ≤ 40 years
Planned minor surgery (1): No
Major surgery less than 1 month ago (1): No
Lower-limb varicose veins (1): No
Inflammatory bowel disease (1): No
Current lower-limb swelling (1): No
BMI > 25 kg/m² (1): No
Acute myocardial infarction (1): No
Heart failure less than 1 month ago (1): No
Sepsis less than 1 month ago (1): No
Serious pulmonary disease, including pneumonia, less than 1 month ago (1): No
Impaired pulmonary function (COPD) (1): No
Medical patient on bed rest (1): No
Oral contraceptive or hormone replacement (1): No
Pregnancy or postpartum (1): No
Unexplained stillbirth, ≥ 3 miscarriages or preterm birth with toxemia or growth restriction (1): No
Arthroscopic surgery (2): No
Current or previous malignancy (2): No
Major open surgery (> 45 min) (2): No
Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min) (2): No
Confined to bed (> 72 h) (2): No
Plaster immobilization less than 1 month ago (2): No
Central venous access (2): No
Previous DVT or PE (3): No
Family history of thrombosis (3): No
Factor V Leiden (3): No
Prothrombin 20210A mutation (3): No
Lupus anticoagulant (3): No
Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (3): No
Elevated serum homocysteine (3): No
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (3): No
Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia (3): No
Elective hip or knee arthroplasty (5): No
Hip, pelvis or leg fracture less than 1 month ago (5): No
Stroke less than 1 month ago (5): No
Multiple trauma less than 1 month ago (5): No
Acute spinal cord injury with paralysis less than 1 month ago (5): No

{
  "idade": "0",
  "cir_menor": false,
  "cir_maior_prev": false,
  "varizes": false,
  "dii": false,
  "edema": false,
  "obesidade": false,
  "iam": false,
  "icc": false,
  "sepse": false,
  "pulmonar": false,
  "dpoc": false,
  "repouso": false,
  "hormonio": false,
  "gestacao": false,
  "obst": false,
  "artroscopia": false,
  "cancer": false,
  "cir_maior": false,
  "laparoscopia": false,
  "acamado": false,
  "gesso": false,
  "cvc": false,
  "tev_prev": false,
  "hf_trombose": false,
  "fvl": false,
  "protrombina": false,
  "lupico": false,
  "anticardiolipina": false,
  "homocisteina": false,
  "hit": false,
  "trombofilia": false,
  "artroplastia": false,
  "fratura": false,
  "avc": false,
  "politrauma": false,
  "medular": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 0,
  "level": "low",
  "verdict": "muito baixo"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 0
}

Case 2

reference-002

Inputs

Age: 41 to 60
Planned minor surgery (1): Yes
Major surgery less than 1 month ago (1): No
Lower-limb varicose veins (1): No
Inflammatory bowel disease (1): No
Current lower-limb swelling (1): No
BMI > 25 kg/m² (1): No
Acute myocardial infarction (1): No
Heart failure less than 1 month ago (1): No
Sepsis less than 1 month ago (1): No
Serious pulmonary disease, including pneumonia, less than 1 month ago (1): No
Impaired pulmonary function (COPD) (1): No
Medical patient on bed rest (1): No
Oral contraceptive or hormone replacement (1): No
Pregnancy or postpartum (1): No
Unexplained stillbirth, ≥ 3 miscarriages or preterm birth with toxemia or growth restriction (1): No
Arthroscopic surgery (2): No
Current or previous malignancy (2): No
Major open surgery (> 45 min) (2): No
Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min) (2): No
Confined to bed (> 72 h) (2): No
Plaster immobilization less than 1 month ago (2): No
Central venous access (2): No
Previous DVT or PE (3): No
Family history of thrombosis (3): No
Factor V Leiden (3): No
Prothrombin 20210A mutation (3): No
Lupus anticoagulant (3): No
Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (3): No
Elevated serum homocysteine (3): No
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (3): No
Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia (3): No
Elective hip or knee arthroplasty (5): No
Hip, pelvis or leg fracture less than 1 month ago (5): No
Stroke less than 1 month ago (5): No
Multiple trauma less than 1 month ago (5): No
Acute spinal cord injury with paralysis less than 1 month ago (5): No

{
  "idade": "1",
  "cir_menor": true,
  "cir_maior_prev": false,
  "varizes": false,
  "dii": false,
  "edema": false,
  "obesidade": false,
  "iam": false,
  "icc": false,
  "sepse": false,
  "pulmonar": false,
  "dpoc": false,
  "repouso": false,
  "hormonio": false,
  "gestacao": false,
  "obst": false,
  "artroscopia": false,
  "cancer": false,
  "cir_maior": false,
  "laparoscopia": false,
  "acamado": false,
  "gesso": false,
  "cvc": false,
  "tev_prev": false,
  "hf_trombose": false,
  "fvl": false,
  "protrombina": false,
  "lupico": false,
  "anticardiolipina": false,
  "homocisteina": false,
  "hit": false,
  "trombofilia": false,
  "artroplastia": false,
  "fratura": false,
  "avc": false,
  "politrauma": false,
  "medular": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 2,
  "level": "low",
  "verdict": "baixo"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 2
}

Case 3

reference-003

Inputs

Age: 61 to 74
Major open surgery (> 45 min) (2): Yes
Planned minor surgery (1): No
Major surgery less than 1 month ago (1): No
Lower-limb varicose veins (1): No
Inflammatory bowel disease (1): No
Current lower-limb swelling (1): No
BMI > 25 kg/m² (1): No
Acute myocardial infarction (1): No
Heart failure less than 1 month ago (1): No
Sepsis less than 1 month ago (1): No
Serious pulmonary disease, including pneumonia, less than 1 month ago (1): No
Impaired pulmonary function (COPD) (1): No
Medical patient on bed rest (1): No
Oral contraceptive or hormone replacement (1): No
Pregnancy or postpartum (1): No
Unexplained stillbirth, ≥ 3 miscarriages or preterm birth with toxemia or growth restriction (1): No
Arthroscopic surgery (2): No
Current or previous malignancy (2): No
Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min) (2): No
Confined to bed (> 72 h) (2): No
Plaster immobilization less than 1 month ago (2): No
Central venous access (2): No
Previous DVT or PE (3): No
Family history of thrombosis (3): No
Factor V Leiden (3): No
Prothrombin 20210A mutation (3): No
Lupus anticoagulant (3): No
Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (3): No
Elevated serum homocysteine (3): No
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (3): No
Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia (3): No
Elective hip or knee arthroplasty (5): No
Hip, pelvis or leg fracture less than 1 month ago (5): No
Stroke less than 1 month ago (5): No
Multiple trauma less than 1 month ago (5): No
Acute spinal cord injury with paralysis less than 1 month ago (5): No

{
  "idade": "2",
  "cir_maior": true,
  "cir_menor": false,
  "cir_maior_prev": false,
  "varizes": false,
  "dii": false,
  "edema": false,
  "obesidade": false,
  "iam": false,
  "icc": false,
  "sepse": false,
  "pulmonar": false,
  "dpoc": false,
  "repouso": false,
  "hormonio": false,
  "gestacao": false,
  "obst": false,
  "artroscopia": false,
  "cancer": false,
  "laparoscopia": false,
  "acamado": false,
  "gesso": false,
  "cvc": false,
  "tev_prev": false,
  "hf_trombose": false,
  "fvl": false,
  "protrombina": false,
  "lupico": false,
  "anticardiolipina": false,
  "homocisteina": false,
  "hit": false,
  "trombofilia": false,
  "artroplastia": false,
  "fratura": false,
  "avc": false,
  "politrauma": false,
  "medular": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 4,
  "level": "mid"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 4
}

Case 4

reference-004

Inputs

Age: 61 to 74
Current or previous malignancy (2): Yes
Major open surgery (> 45 min) (2): Yes
Planned minor surgery (1): No
Major surgery less than 1 month ago (1): No
Lower-limb varicose veins (1): No
Inflammatory bowel disease (1): No
Current lower-limb swelling (1): No
BMI > 25 kg/m² (1): No
Acute myocardial infarction (1): No
Heart failure less than 1 month ago (1): No
Sepsis less than 1 month ago (1): No
Serious pulmonary disease, including pneumonia, less than 1 month ago (1): No
Impaired pulmonary function (COPD) (1): No
Medical patient on bed rest (1): No
Oral contraceptive or hormone replacement (1): No
Pregnancy or postpartum (1): No
Unexplained stillbirth, ≥ 3 miscarriages or preterm birth with toxemia or growth restriction (1): No
Arthroscopic surgery (2): No
Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min) (2): No
Confined to bed (> 72 h) (2): No
Plaster immobilization less than 1 month ago (2): No
Central venous access (2): No
Previous DVT or PE (3): No
Family history of thrombosis (3): No
Factor V Leiden (3): No
Prothrombin 20210A mutation (3): No
Lupus anticoagulant (3): No
Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (3): No
Elevated serum homocysteine (3): No
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (3): No
Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia (3): No
Elective hip or knee arthroplasty (5): No
Hip, pelvis or leg fracture less than 1 month ago (5): No
Stroke less than 1 month ago (5): No
Multiple trauma less than 1 month ago (5): No
Acute spinal cord injury with paralysis less than 1 month ago (5): No

{
  "idade": "2",
  "cancer": true,
  "cir_maior": true,
  "cir_menor": false,
  "cir_maior_prev": false,
  "varizes": false,
  "dii": false,
  "edema": false,
  "obesidade": false,
  "iam": false,
  "icc": false,
  "sepse": false,
  "pulmonar": false,
  "dpoc": false,
  "repouso": false,
  "hormonio": false,
  "gestacao": false,
  "obst": false,
  "artroscopia": false,
  "laparoscopia": false,
  "acamado": false,
  "gesso": false,
  "cvc": false,
  "tev_prev": false,
  "hf_trombose": false,
  "fvl": false,
  "protrombina": false,
  "lupico": false,
  "anticardiolipina": false,
  "homocisteina": false,
  "hit": false,
  "trombofilia": false,
  "artroplastia": false,
  "fratura": false,
  "avc": false,
  "politrauma": false,
  "medular": false
}

Expected result

{
  "score": 6,
  "level": "high"
}

Actual result

{
  "score": 6
}

Code and reproducibility

This tool’s code on GitHub

Download code and tests

Sources, version and reproduction instructions

README

Local installation

Code license: Apache-2.0

Guidelines and conditions

This repository’s license applies to the code. Third-party instruments, questionnaires, data and models remain subject to their owners’ conditions.

The code tests are technical checks. Clinical approval and professional translation review are recorded separately.

Relationship with cancer research

General context — relationship to be defined

A resource for general clinical contexts. This edition does not assign a specific oncological relationship; selecting it for a study requires a justified question, population and purpose.