Hazard is not cumulative probability
Hazard concerns the rate of an event at a particular time among people who have not yet experienced it. Its interpretation depends on time and on the population that remains at risk; it is not the cumulative probability of an event.
Check the model assumptions
Interpretation depends on the model, including proportional hazards when that assumption applies. Curves that cross or relationships that change over follow-up require particular care. A single estimate may hide variation over time.
Read alongside other results
Examine survival curves, risks at defined times and confidence intervals. A hazard ratio below 1 does not directly mean the same percentage reduction in each participant’s cumulative probability of death.
Interpretation limits
A hazard ratio is neither a relative risk nor an estimate of an individual’s survival time.
Original references
Continue exploring
Research questions
Select tools by method, population and purpose. A thematic connection does not validate use in every case.
Educational content for framing research. Consult the original document, study population and methodology before interpreting a conclusion. Methodology